DEFINITION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects the ability to pay attention in a focused way, think clearly, complete tasks, and control behavior, like sitting still.

There are different types of ADHD:

1. Attention deficit type
2. Hyperactive and impulsive type
3. Combination of ADD and ADHD

ADHD is the most common mental health diagnosis for children.

Everyone has difficulty concentrating sometimes, but for those with ADHD, it may interfere with their life.

People with ADHD may have one symptom or a combined set of symptoms.

Symptoms of attention deficit:
A person with attention deficit might...

• be easily distracted, miss details, forget things
• frequently switch from one activity to another
• have trouble completing homework,
• often lose things like pencils, books, and keys
• not seem to be listening when people are speaking to them
• have difficulty organizing

Symptoms of hyperactivity and/or impulsivity:
A person with hyperactivity or impulsivity might...

• have trouble sitting still during dinner, school or work
• fidget, or tap hands and feet, or squirm in their seat
• be unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
• talk excessively
• have difficulty waiting their turn
• often blurt out inappropriate comments, or interrupt the conversations or activities of others
• show their emotions without restraint, and act without regard for consequences
• act aggressively

Learning how to relax and slow down, getting enough sleep and regular exercise are important habits to practice.

Reducing screen time and increasing outdoor activities can be beneficial.

Taking medication prescribed by a psychiatrist and working with a mental health professional can help those who have ADHD to focus and concentrate.

Family and friends can also provide important support. 

Participating in solo sport activities such as swimming, running, biking or tennis can help people with ADHD focus.

Some people find yoga or quiet meditation to be calming.

Learn more about Self Care & Wellness >>

WAYS TO HELP SOMEONE WITH ADHD...

• Understand that people with ADHD tend to be very bright, but may not do well in school.
• Take good notes and share them.
• Text them reminders (test dates, field trips)

WAYS TO SUPPORT ANYONE WITH A MENTAL HEALTH DISORDER...

• Educate yourself about the disorder.
• Listen to your friend when they want to talk.
• Keep checking in with your friend.
• Use 1st person language. Say,
  “My friend has ADHD.” not “My friend is hyper.”
• Reassure your friend of your support and understanding.

HELPFUL THINGS TO SAY...

• “It’s not your fault.”
• “I’m listening.”
• “I am here for you.”
• “It’s the illness that causes these thoughts and feelings.”
• “This must be really difficult for you.”

HURTFUL THINGS TO SAY...

• “It’s all in your head.”
• “What’s wrong with you?”
• “Get over yourself, you have no reason to feel that way.”
• “Shouldn’t you be better by now?”

DO NOT [HURTFUL ACTIONS]... 

• ...tell a friend to “Snap out of it!”
• ...diagnose.
• ...gossip.
• ...take your friend’s withdrawal personally.

Find additional information on our Mental Health Disorders page and other suggestions on our Understanding Stigma page >>

Can you answer these questions?

1. What is ADHD?
2. How common is ADHD?
3. Describe the three symptom types of ADHD.
4. What treatments are available for people who have ADHD?
5. What can you do to support someone with ADHD?
6. How do you think stigma might affect a person with ADHD?

*Hint: Read the ADHD facts at the top of this page to find the answers for 1-5. And view our Understanding Stigma page for question #6.